MUSCLEPRIME™ has arrived, and it gives you everything; Extreme Workout Intensity, Rock Hard Muscle Pumps, Massive Anabolic Response, Extensive Muscular Endurance all while offering Powerful Muscular Protection. MUSCLEPRIME™ is a catalyst for your workout containing synergistic blends of multi-functional ingredients; it truly is a PRE-WORKOUT INTENSITY AMPLIFIER™.

MUSCLEPRIME primes and fuels the body for every workout. Set your expectations high. Prepare for explosive energy, focus, drive and stamina. Experience dense, rock-hard muscle pumps. Get the benefit of more sets and longer reps and replenish electrolytes, all while saturating with the MUSCLE PRIMING ACTION of 8 specific ratio ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS required for anabolic growth. MUSCLEPRIME accelerates intracellular energetics supporting the biochemical and physiological responses to an intense workout.

The World's First ARA™ - ANABOLIC RESPONSE ACTIVATOR™ - 4,500 mg Amino Acids per serving MUSCLEPRIME allows you to transform every workout into an Anabolic Experience. Prime your mind, body and soul and get ready to experience the most explosive workout of your life! Read on to get the detail on why MUSCLEPRIME has the powerful and undeniable effect that it does.

I) EXPLOSIVE WORKOUT INTENSITY AMPLIFIER™
(1,529 mg)

9 INGREDIENTS DESIGNED TO GET YOUR HEAD IN THE ZONE AND AMPLIFY YOUR INTENSITY

Taurine (575 mg/Serving)

Caffeine (125 mg/Serving) - A known competitive inhibitor of the enzyme cAMP-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE), which converts cyclic AMP (cAMP) in cells to its non-cyclic form, allowing cAMP to build up in cells. Inhibitors of PDE can prolong or enhance the effects of physiological processes mediated by cAMP or cGMP by inhibition of their degradation by PDE. Any agent that has the ability to increase cAMP levels is also expected to elicit a proportionate increase in thermogenesis (Zhao et al. 1997).

Caffeine inhibits the phosphodiesterase-induced degradation of intracellular cyclic ATP (cATP), and to a lesser extent, caffeine's antagonism of the negative effect of adenosine on increased norepinephrine release. The net result, therefore is an elevated cellular concentration of cAMP (a critical intracellular mediator for the actions of catecholamines on thermogenesis).

Never think of it as “just caffeine”, this potent ergogenic has hundreds of studies backing its impressive list of performance enhancing benefits. Combined with this impressive list of neurotropic brain boosters, the exclusive EXPLOSIVE WORKOUT INTENSITY AMPLIFIER™ will drive your workout intensity through the roof.

Picamilon HCI (N-Nicotinoyl-GABA) (52 mg/Serving) -

Glucuronolactone (250 mg/Serving) - Glucuronolactone is included for its legendary mental fatigue fighting abilities and improved sense of well-being. Considered a standard amongst the world’s most popular energy drinks, there is no question that Glucuronolactone is a major contributor to the profound effectiveness of MUSCLEPRIME™.

L-Tyrosine (500 mg/Serving) - Tyrosine is a starting material for neurotransmitters and increases plasma neurotransmitter levels (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine)^[1] but has little if any effect on mood.^[2][3][4] The effect on mood is more noticeable in humans subjected to stressful conditions (see below).

A number of studies have found tyrosine to be useful during conditions of stress, cold, fatigue,^[5] prolonged work and sleep deprivation,^[6][7] with reductions in stress hormone levels,^[8] reductions in stress-induced weight loss seen in animal trials,^[5] improvements in cognitive and physical performance^[3][9][10] seen in human trials.

Vinpocetine (2 mg/Serving) - Laboratory experiments indicate that Vinpocetine dilates blood vessels, improves circulation to the brain, improves oxygen utilization, increases glucose metabolism in the brain, and inhibits platelet aggregation. Vipocetine has been shown to alter properties of the blood to improve blood flow through the brain. It also improves energy available to the brain by inhibiting phosphodiesterase thus preserving ATP, the source of cell energy. You don’t have to be a scientist to see how Vinpocetine has a potent impact on mental focus and energy. Maintaining mental endurance through your toughest workouts can be just as important as physical endurance.

Phosphatidylserine (PS) (25 mg/Serving) - Phosphatidylserine is concentrated in cells of the brain, where it is related to brain cell function and neurotransmitter metabolism. PS has an impact on specific neurotransmitters in the brain including acetylcholine, serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine.

Phosphatidylserine enables your brain cells to metabolize glucose and to release and bind with neurotransmitters, all of which is important to learning, memory and other cognitive functions.

Phosphatidylserine increases communication between cells in your brain by increasing the number of membrane receptor sites for receiving messages. Phosphatidylserine modulates the fluidity of cell membranes—essential to your brain cells' ability to send and receive chemical communication.

Scientific studies demonstrate that phosphatidylserine restores the brain's supply and output of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter so important to memory, and so may turn back the clock in an aging brain.

Increased acetylcholine activates muscles, and is a major neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system. When acetylcholine binds to acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle fibers, it opens ligand gated sodium channels in the cell membrane. Sodium ions then enter the muscle cell, stimulating muscle contraction.

Phosphatidylserine has been demonstrated to speed up recovery, prevent muscle soreness, improve well-being, and might possess ergogenic properties in athletes involved in cycling, weight training and endurance running. PS has been reported to be an effective supplement for combating exercise-induced stress by blunting the exercise-induced increase in cortisol levels.^[11] PS supplementation promotes a desirable hormonal balance for athletes and might attenuate the physiological deterioration that accompanies overtraining and/or overstretching.^[12] In recent studies, PS has been shown to enhance mood in a cohort of young people during mental stress and to improve accuracy during tee-off by increasing the stress resistance of golfers.^[13]

Huperzine A (33 mcg/Serving) - Huperzine A has shown a powerful Inhibitory activity of Acetyl-Choline Esterase (ACE), as a result the breakdown of Acetyl-Choline is slowed and the strength and duration of the nerve impulse is improved acetylcholine activates muscles, and is a major neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system. Improved nerve impulses have far-reaching impact for both the speed and strength of nerve impulses signals from the brain, through the nervous system, to active muscles.

Vitamin B12 (6 mcg/Serving) 100% RDI - Vitamin B12 supports optimal nerve system function and improves memory. The B-vitamins are the spark plugs that support healthy carbohydrate metabolism and energy production. Vitamin B12 is present in a high amount due to its important function in the synthesis of DNA and RNA - our genetic code for healthy function.

This unique, high potency antioxidant blend acts to protect tissues from oxidative damage increased by high intensity training. This antioxidant combination can help protect plasma and cellular components from oxidation, thereby improving cellular and tissue function throughout the body.

NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) (100 mg/Serving) - NAC is a derivative of the sulfur-containing amino acid, cysteine. It is produced naturally in the body and is found in foods. NAC is an intermediary (along with glutamic acid and glycine) in the conversion of cysteine into glutathione, the body's primary cellular antioxidant.

Vitamin C (Calcium Ascorbate) (88 mg/Serving) RDI 147% - Calcium Ascorbate is a well absorbed non-sodium non-acid form of Vitamin C. As an antioxidant, vitamin C scavenges free radicals in the body and protects tissues from oxidative stress.^{[14-17,20-23]} Vitamin C also promotes the absorption of iron, while preventing its oxidation.^{[18,19,24-26]}

More vitamin C is contained in the adrenal glands than any other organ in the body and is required at higher levels during times of stress.^[27,25] Physical stresses on the body such as intense training increase the need for Vitamin C.

Selenium (Selenomethionine) (40 mcg/Serving) - Selenium is incorporated into proteins to make selenoproteins, which are important antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant properties of selenoproteins help prevent cellular damage from free radicals. Free radicals are natural by-products of oxygen metabolism that may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease ^[26,27]. Other selenoproteins help regulate thyroid function and play a role in the immune system ^[28-31]. In the body, Selenium functions as a critical element of the antioxidant enzyme called Glutathione Peroxidase and is an essential element. Glutathione is widely considered to be the body’s “Master Antioxidant”.

Vitamin E (dl-Tocopherol Acetate) (7.5 iu/Serving) 25% RDI - Vitamin E is one of the most potent fat-soluble antioxidants in the body. As such, vitamin E protects cell membranes from the damage caused by free radicals.

It is well known that increased workout intensity raises the level of Free Radical ([ROS] Reactive Oxygen Species) activity in the body. If your goal is to increase overall muscle strength, endurance and lean mass, controlling the ravages of muscular degradation must be a part of your pre-workout supplementation strategy.

III) EVPM™: EXTENDED VASCULAR PUMP MATRIX
(2,146 mg)

L-ARGININE (2,000 mg/Serving) - ARGININE is the key precursor of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway and important cascade of reactions involved in vasodilation. The identification of nitric oxide (NO) as a product of the endothelium (cells of the lining of vasculature) with smooth-muscle relaxing effects^[32,33,34] led to the recognition that nitrovasodilators work by providing an exogenous source of NO to the blood vessels. As such, nitrovasodilators may be viewed as improving vasculature and helping to deliver nutrients and blood volume to Muscle Cells. NO synthases catalyze the 5-electron oxidation of L-ARGININE to L-citrulline and produces large amounts of NO in the process. Providing supplemental ARGININE to individuals has been proven as a rational approach to increasing NO production by the endothelium, and this therapeutic paradigm has met with success in recent years.^[35] ARGININE has been recognized as the substrate of choice by the medical community to improve the vasculature in humans.^[36] ARGININE helps produce vascularity and an intense Muscle Pump during your work-out. MUSCLEPRIME delivers a full 2 grams of therapeutic pure ARGININE per scoop. More than NO Explode. More than Nano Vapor and more than Super Pump 250.

Ginkgo Biloba Extract (50 mg/Serving) - Application of therapeutical doses of Ginkgo Biloba Extract causes endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production by increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) promoter activity and eNOS expression in humans.^[37] More NO means more Muscle Pump. Furthermore, the extract causes acute relaxation of blood vessels and thus allows for more blood volume and nutrients to reach the Muscle Cells. These influences on eNOS facilitate change on a molecular basis and allow for intense Muscle Pumps which are synergistic and additive to those induced by ARGININE.

Salix Alba - Salix Alba (White Willow Bark Extract) (25 mg/Serving) - Provides a synergistic action in elevating energy expenditure by way of interference with the prostaglandin production and inhibiting norepinephrine breakdown. Not only does this supercharge your intensity but also singles the body to used stored fat as fuel during your workout. Simply stated, Salix Alba has the unique quality of reducing the body’s tendency to breakdown the effects of caffeine, thereby allowing it to work more effectively for a longer period of time.

Niacin (19.8 mg/Serving) - Has been shown to increase brain glucose metabolism, improve brain ATP levels and improve brain blood flow. This is presumed to increase brain activity and focus during the workout. Niacin is also a vasodialator and produces peripheral vasodilation, a process believed to be mediated by prostacyclin, which affects the cutaneous vessels of the upper body. Blood flow is increased to the appendages of the upper body and to the skin. A warm tingling sensation adds to the sensory affect of the muscle pump. You are literally pumped with blood from the inside out.

American Ginseng Extract (25 mg/Serving) - Ginseng has compounds that stimulate nitric oxide production which again helps dilate blood vessels.^[38] It is concluded that ginsenoside induces relaxation of human bronchial smooth muscle via stimulation of NO generation predominantly from airway epithelium and cyclic GMP synthesis. Nitric Oxide production increases blood volume and delivery of Nutrients to Muscle Cells. In addition to stimulation production of NO Ginseng has also shown this it can scavenge NO from degradation.^[39]

Lastly, study results provide evidence that ginsengosides can significantly alter mechanisms of fuel homeostasis during prolonged exercise, presumably by increasing the biochemical capacity of skeletal muscle to oxidize Lactic Acid in preference for cellular energy production.^[40] This means you can train harder and longer with more reps per set. A definite MUSCLEPRIME advantage.

CoQ10 (25 mg/Serving) - Coenzyme Q10, also called ubiquinone, is found in every cell of the body and is critical in the production of energy within each cell in the human body. CoQ10 provides energy and is essential for ATP production, which is the basic energy molecule, used by the mitochondria in all cells. Supplemental CoQ10 has been found in research to be stored in the cell membranes and provide protection from oxidant stress.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride) (1.6 mg/Serving) - Is a water-soluble vitamin which is involved as a cofactor in many reactions of amino acid metabolism. It is also essential for red blood cell metabolism and required for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin. It is essential for protein metabolism, growth and carbohydrate utilization. Research has shown that athletes need to increase their Vitamin B6 intake for performance enhancement and its role in protein metabolism. Taken at higher levels and combined with exercise, vitamin B6 has been found to be promising to increase growth hormone levels.^[41]

IV) INTELLIGENT ANABOLIC MUSCLE FUEL (3,774 mg)

A BLEND OF TWO DIFFERENT COMPLEXES THAT INTELLIGENTLY FUEL YOUR MUSCLES AND POWER YOU THROUGH THE KIND OF IRON THAT COMMANDS RESPECT

a) ARA™: ANABOLIC RESPONSE ACTIVATOR™ (1,514 mg)

THE PRE-WORKOUT PRIMING ACTION OF ALL 8 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS GIVES YOU ANABOLIC RESPONSE ACTIVATION

Strength - Size - Growth - Rapid Anabolic Response

Jacks up anabolic nutrients readily available at the peak period of muscle requirements. Forces anabolic response activation - Result: lean hard dense muscle

ARA™: ANABOLIC RESPONSE ACTIVATOR™: Consumption of Essential Amino Acids prior to exercise increases amino acid availability when blood flow is elevated during high intensity workouts and thereby maximizes their delivery to the muscle. This critical combination of increased natural insulin activity due to exertion, radically increases blood flow and increases in blood plasma Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) activates the body’s Anabolic Response to high intensity training.

The Details: Following intense training, increased amino availability increases the rate of net muscle protein synthesis (Tipton 1999). Intense exercise can create a net loss of muscle protein, because protein synthesis is either decreased or unchanged and protein breakdown is generally considered to be elevated (Rennie 1981).

Following intense workouts muscle protein synthesis is increased after exercise, however it appears that this response is not stimulated until some time after the exercise bout (Hernandez 2000). Amino acids are required for protein synthesis however, nonessential amino acids are unnecessary to stimulate net muscle protein synthesis before (Tipton et al. 1999. J Nutr Biochem) or after exercise (Tipton et al. 1999. Am J Physiol Endocrinol & Metab ). But it is clear that taking relatively small amounts of Essential Amino Acids (EAA), can be a potent stimulator of net muscle protein synthesis when given either before resistance exercise.

Knowing this information it was speculated that hyperaminoacidemia (increased amino acids) from ingestion of amino acids before an exercise bout, as opposed to after exercise, may counter the net loss of muscle protein, thereby creating a more favorable situation for muscle growth.

In 2001, Tipton et al. investigated ingesting a combination of amino acids/CHO solution before exercise versus after exercise on net muscle protein synthesis. The total response to the consumption of EAC (amino acid/CHO solution) immediately before exercise was greater than the response when EAC was consumed immediately after exercise. Furthermore, it appears that the change from a catabolic state in the muscle to an anabolic state was primarily due to an increase in muscle protein synthesis. Net balance increased during exercise, decreased slightly, and then increased a second time after exercise when the drink was consumed before exercise. The length of the effect, plus higher blood flow, during exercise when the supplement was taken before resulted in significantly greater total uptake over the entire period. It is likely that the greater amino acid delivery of amino acids to the muscle during accounts for the greater net muscle uptake.

From the results it was evident that consuming the solution before exercise is more effective than after exercise. Although the study contained CHO which would elicit an insulin response it would not have affected protein synthesis. We know that insulin seems to be necessary for protein synthesis to occur, yet increased insulin does not stimulate muscle protein synthesis (Biolo et al. 1999). Elevated insulin after resistance exercise diminishes the increase of muscle protein breakdown in response to exercise; therefore this affect would be expected to be similar for insulin during exercise, however we also know that insulin is increased by training alone for this same reason. Therefore, it can be speculated that CHO are not a requirement to obtain the benefits from post-exercise EAA consumption. To achieve an even greater benefit of taking EAA before exercise it would be recommended to time with a high-quality post-workout supplement.

b) MEC™: MYO-FUEL MUSCLE ENDURANCE COMPLEX (2,260 mg)

HEADLINED BY A GRAM (1,000 mg) OF BETA-ALANINE PER SERVING THIS 7 INGREDIENT POWERHOUSE FILLS AND FUELS YOUR MUSCLES

Cellular Energy - Endurance - Power

Increase energy reserves fueling the body before your training session Increases and supports the availability and production of ATP in your body, required for short, powerful bursts of movement Recovery during workout (between sets)

Beta-Alanine (1,000 mg/Serving) - Beta-Alanine is a direct pre-cursor to Carnosine and is the rate limiting step to its production in muscle tissue. Research has shown that increases in consumption results in increased levels of muscle Carnosine, even more than supplementation with straight Carnosine. Increases in Carnosine concentration determines the rate that pH (or muscle acidity) will drop off during high-intensity exercise (become more acidic). As muscle acidity increases, muscle performance decreases. Beta-Alanine supplementation increases muscle concentrations of Carnosine, thereby reducing fatigue and extending the amount of time you can workout at a high level of intensity.^[42]

If you are seriously interested in training with a higher level of intensity, you should be adding Beta-Alanine to your pre-workout supplementation. With MUSCLEPRIME™, you get a full gram in every scoop. Most people will graduate to 2 and even 3 scoops rather quickly, meaning you will be getting a massive dose of the highest quality Beta-Alanine out there. You will notice the difference.

L-Aspartic Acid (530 mg/Serving) - In addition to being a precursor to several essential amino acids (L-Methionine, L-Threonine, L-Isoleucine, and L-Lysine), it also acts as a neurotransmitter that has been shown to reduce fatigue and increase endurance.

Betaine (500 mg/Serving) - As an Osmolyte, Betaine acts as a cellular defender during times of intense physical exertion by protection against cellular dehydration. Recent research suggests that intense, long duration exercise raises plasma homocysteine levels, perhaps by increasing the load on methionine metabolism.^[6] Betaine has been shown in dozens of studies to reduce homocysteine levels, another indication that Betaine is an ideal ingredient for increased workout intensity.

Ribose (200 mg/Serving) - Ribose is a unique 5-carbon sugar that occurs naturally in all living cells forms the carbohydrate portion of DNA and RNA, the building blocks of life. Intense workouts cause a decrease in skeletal muscle energy levels. Ribose decreases recovery in skeletal muscles. The cellular energy Ribose provides allows you to train with greater intensity.^[43]

Ribose is research proven to help increase muscular energy, boost endurance, and promote recovery! It's a powerful cellular energy source that is naturally occurring and found in all cells in the body. It's an efficient way to improve your energy levels for working out through its participation in the synthesis of ATP in the muscle cell, enhancing performance, and aiding in the recovery of muscle tissue after intense exercise.^[44]

Creatinol-O-Phosphate (COP) (25 mg/Serving) - COP has been heralded as a muscle and strength enhancing ingredient with exceptional absorption rates in muscle tissue. It works primarily by buffering muscle toxin and lactic acid build up in muscle tissue during intense workouts. With ongoing use, COP can also allow you to extend your sets and your reps in the gym further increasing you workout intensity.

During a carefully controlled study, Time Under Tension (TUT) threshold increased within a week of use.^[45] COP allows you to push harder for longer. This creates a deeper stimulation of the muscles allowing the increased workout intensity to create a greater anabolic response.

Peak ATP® (5 mg/Serving) - COP has been heralded as a muscle and strength enhancing ingredient with exceptional absorption rates in muscle tissue. It works primarily by buffering muscle toxin and lactic acid build up in muscle tissue during intense workouts. With ongoing use, COP can also allow you to extend your sets and your reps in the gym further increasing you workout intensity.

N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]ethanamide (N-MIE)(Melatonin) (500 mcg/Serving) - Aside from N-MIE potent anti-oxidant ability, with a very small dose of 500 mcg/0.5 mg (far too low a dose to have a any kind of significant sedative effect) recent research at the King’s College in London, UK showed an amazing increase of 3.5 times (or 350%) increase in the levels of natural Growth Hormone. These findings have a significant impact on anyone looking to increase lean muscle mass.^[46]

Chromium polynicotinate (CP) (60 mg/Serving) - Chromium is an essential trace mineral that aids in glucose metabolism, regulation of insulin levels, and maintenance of healthy blood levels of cholesterol and other lipids. It is used within the body to produce energy which is necessary for intense training. CP was also shown to lower lipid peroxidation and free radical formation.^[47] This inhibits ROS Reactive Oxygen Species from affecting the normal functioning of the muscle cell’s membrane and associated nutrient transporters. As a result, maximum muscle pump, growth and strength is achieved.

V) ELECTROLYTIC MUSCLE SATURATION COMPLEX™ (1,142 mg/Serving)

CRITICAL BUFFERING AND HYDRATING ACTION SERVES TO SATURATE EVERY MUSCLE AND EXTEND MUSCLE FORCE AND ENDURANCE

One serving of MUSCLEPRIME™ provides a useful amount of magnesium, potassium, chromium, sodium and calcium to support nerve and muscle cell metabolism reducing muscle and or/nervous system fatigue. In addition, chromium and magnesium support insulin synthesis and activity; to nutritionally support blood sugar balance for stable sustained energy. Electrolytic fluids help to saturate muscle tissue creating optimal conditions for intense training sessions. MUSCLEPRIME™ provides all key electrolytes required by the body in several forms.

Phosporous (280 mg/Serving)

Sodium (170 mg/Serving) - The primary electrolyte for maintaining body fluid balance and reducing the risk of cramping. Essential element for all muscular contractions. As body fluid is lost through intense training, sodium must be replenished if ongoing exertion is to continue.

Potassium (220 mg/Serving) - Primary electrolyte contained within muscle cells, vital for proper nerve transmission and muscle contraction.

Calcium (350 mg/Serving) and Magnesium (120 mg/Serving) - Helps maintain the hydration status of muscle cells as playing an important role in many other body functions. Calcium is critical for sustained and ongoing muscle contractions.

Black pepper extract (peperine) (2 mg/Serving) - Peperine, one of the main alkaloids of black pepper, and has been shown to possess bioavailability-enhancing activity. Studies have shown that Peperine can increase biavailability up to 200% in certain ingredients. A higher level of bioavailability means better results form your preworkout MUSCLEPRIME product. Peperine has also shown positive effects on mood making sure you are in the right frame of mind for your best work-out.^[48] Peperine is also a potent antioxidant and will help scavenge Reactive Oxygen species during your most intense training.^[49]

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